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Cover of "A Modest Proposal" by Jonathan Swift

"A Modest Proposal"

Jonathan Swift · 1729

The greatest satirical essay in English, proposing that the Irish eat their babies to solve poverty. A formal masterpiece of sustained irony. Every satirist since has been working in its shadow.

The case against

Some readers take Swift's narrator as genuinely contemptuous of Irish poverty rather than satirizing the policies that caused it, docking the essay for that ambiguity of target. The longer sentences draw specific complaints too: one reviewer says “some witty but sentences went on and on meaninglessly.” The sharpest recurring gripe is about packaging, since the essay almost always ships bundled with denser companion pieces like 'Battle of the Books' or 'A Discourse Concerning the Mechanical Operation of the Spirit'; one reader complains that “buying 412-page book for nine-page Proposal is waste money.” Even admirers of the craft note the specific Irish tax and land-rent policies being skewered “lose some of their punch regarding political statements” once the historical context has faded. A harsher reviewer skips the irony argument altogether: “the modest proposal would have been not writing this.”

Essays · the Pro canon

The case for it and the rest of the canon open with Pro.

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