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Cover of The Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud

The Interpretation of Dreams

Sigmund Freud · 1899

The book that launched psychoanalysis, and with it, the entire 20th century's fascination with the unconscious, repression, wish-fulfillment, and the interpretability of interior life. Even if Freud's specific dream theories are wrong, the map of the mind he drew changed how humans understand themselves.

The case against

The wish-fulfilment thesis cannot be disproved, and readers say so plainly: “of course this is very un-scientific.” The sample is Freud's own dreams and patients he calls neurotics, a limit he admits and never corrects for; “freud's not very good at structuring an argument,” and the whole is “long-winded, repetitive, and poorly organized.” The first hundred pages surveying earlier literature is a slog, one reader having “capitulated at page 500, a painful decision.” Once the method runs past his own dreams it curdles into a joke: “Hat? = Penis. Smooth walls? = Penis. Airplanes? = Penis.” Readers note “Freud basically concludes that all of your dreams are about sex,” and catch him “casually being like ‘but yeah I was high on coke'.” One critic: “it goes on too long, like a dream about going to the DMV to renew your license.”

Non-Fiction · the Pro canon

The case for it and the rest of the canon open with Pro.

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